ABSTRACT: In this article we analyze a series of texts that we define as gender essays that were written by late 19th century teachers in Chile. Antonia Tarragó and Eduvigis Casanova were part of a women’s movement that from the 1870s began to demand equality. In this case, they argued in favor of an egalitarian education in the conjuncture of debates between liberals and conservatives for the construction of the nation-state. Considering feminist theory, we propose that it is necessary to recognize teachers as agents in the social, cultural and political contingency of the second half of the 19th century. In the gender essays analyzed, the teachers articulated and resignified historical and ethical frameworks that were based on enlightened perspectives that postulated the equality of souls and a thought sustained in regeneration. In this exercise, they promoted forms of self-determination and emancipation, valuing secondary and higher education as devices to challenge the segregated forms of gender built in the “male republic”.

RESUMEN: En este artículo analizamos una serie de textos que definimos como ensayos de género que fueron escritos por maestras de fin del siglo XIX en Chile. Antonia Tarragó y Eduvigis Casanova formaron parte de un movimiento de mujeres que a partir de la década de 1870 comenzaron a demandar igualdad. En este caso, argumentaron en favor de una educación igualitaria en la coyuntura de los debates entre liberales y conservadores por la construcción del Estado-nación. Considerando la teoría feminista, planteamos que se hace necesario reconocer a las maestras como agentes en la contingencia social, cultural y política de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. En los ensayos de género analizados, las maestras articularon y resignificaron marcos históricos y éticos que se basaban en perspectivas ilustradas que postulaban la igualdad de las almas y en un pensamiento sustentado en la regeneración. En ese ejercicio, promovían formas de autodeterminación y emancipación, valorando la educación secundaria y superior como dispositivos para cuestionar las formas segregadas de género construidas en la “república masculina”.

ABSTRACT Background: Malaria is a parasitosis conditioned by several factors. This study sought to analyze the spatial distribution of malaria considering environmental, socioeconomic, and political variables in São Félix do Xingu, Pará, Brazil, from 2014 to 2020. Methods: Epidemiological, cartographic, and environmental data were obtained from the Ministry of Health, Brazilian Geographical and Statistical Institute, and National Space Research Institute. Statistical and spatial distribution analyses were performed using chi-squared tests of expected equal proportions and the kernel and bivariate global Moran’s techniques with Bioestat 5.0 and ArcGIS 10.5.1. Results: The highest percentage of cases occurred in adult males with brown skin color, mainly placer miners, with a primary education level, living in rural areas, who were infected with Plasmodium vivax and with parasitemia of two or three crosses as diagnosed by the thick drop/smear test. The disease had a non-homogeneous distribution, with distinct annual parasite indices associated with administrative districts and clusters of cases in locations with deforestation, mining, and pastures close to Conservation Units and Indigenous Lands. Thus, a direct relationship between areas with cases and environmental degradation associated with land use was demonstrated, along with the precarious availability of health services. Pressure on protected areas and epidemiological silence in Indigenous Lands were also noted. Conclusions: Environmental and socioeconomic circuits were identified for development of diseases associated with precarious health services in the municipality. These findings highlight the need to intensify malaria surveillance and contribute to the systematic knowledge of malaria’s epidemiology by considering the complexity of its conditioning factors.

Abstract Objectives: To examine the changes in the quality of life of a group of older people participating in an adult day care center in Santiago, Chile. Methodology: Longitudinal study with two applications, one at admission and the other at the end of participation in the adult day care center, among 35 older people over 60 years belonging to the adult day care centers in Santiago, Chile. Quality of life was measured with the World Health Organization BREF instrument. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used for data analysis (t Student test). Results: This study showed a significant increase in quality of life (p < 0.05); older people reported better scores for quality of life after having participated in the interventions that the adult day care center has. Conclusions: Quality of life should be considered a key outcome when evaluating the results of interventions in adult day care center.

Resumen Objetivos: Evaluar los cambios en la calidad de vida de un grupo de personas mayores participantes de un centro de adultos mayores en Santiago, Chile. Metodología: Estudio longitudinal prospectivo con 2 aplicaciones, una al ingreso y otra al término de la participación en un centro de adultos mayores con 35 personas mayores de 60 años. La calidad de vida se midió con el instrumento de la Organización Mundial de la Salud en su versión abreviada. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas y el test de la t de Student. Resultados: Al alta, la calidad de vida mostró un aumento significativo (p < 0,05), es decir, las personas mayores reportan mejores puntuaciones de calidad de vida después de haber participado en las intervenciones que tiene el centro de adultos mayores. Conclusiones: La calidad de vida se debe considerar una medida clave para evaluar los resultados de las intervenciones realizadas en los centros de adultos mayores.

ABSTRACT Introduction: This article summarizes the clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the management of early-stage cervical cancer (IA1, IA2, IB1, IB2 o IIA1) in the Social Security of Peru (EsSalud). Objective: To provide clinical recommendations based on evidence for the management of early-stage cervical cancer in EsSalud. Materials and methods: A CPG for the management of early-stage cervical cancer in EsSalud was developed. To this end, a guideline development group (local GDG) was established, including medical specialists and methodologists. The local GDG formulated 8 clinical questions to be answered by this CPG. Systematic searches of systematic reviews and -when it was considered pertinent- primary studies were conducted in Pubmed, Embase y CENTRAL during 2017 - 2018. The evidence to answer each of the posed clinical questions was selected. The quality of the evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. In periodic work meetings, the local GDG used the GRADE methodology to review the evidence and formulate the recommendations, points of good clinical practice, and the flowchart of management. Finally, the CPG was approved with Resolution No. N 27-IETSI-ESSALUD-2020. Results: This CPG addressed 8 clinical questions on the management of early-stage cervical cancer (IA1, IA2, IB1, IB2 o IIA1). Based on these questions, 10 recommendations (2 strong recommendations and 8 weak recommendations), 7 points of good clinical practice, and 4 flowcharts were formulated. Conclusion: This article summarizes the methodology and evidence-based conclusions from the CPG for the management of early-stage cervical cancer in EsSalud.

RESUMEN Introducción: Este artículo resume la guía de práctica clínica (GPC) para el manejo de cáncer de cuello uterino estadios tempranos (IA1, IA2, IB1, IB2 o IIA1) en el Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud). Objetivo: Proveer recomendaciones clínicas basadas en evidencia para el manejo de cáncer de cuello uterino estadios tempranos en EsSalud. Materiales y métodos: Se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó médicos especialistas y metodólogos. El GEG formuló 8 preguntas clínicas a ser respondidas por la presente GPC. Se realizó búsquedas sistemáticas de revisiones sistemáticas y -cuando fue considerado pertinente- estudios primarios en Pubmed, Embase y CENTRAL durante el 2017 - 2018. Se seleccionó la evidencia para responder cada una de las preguntas clínicas planteadas. La certeza de la evidencia fue evaluada usando la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). En reuniones de trabajo periódicas, el GEG usó la metodología GRADE para revisar la evidencia y formular las recomendaciones, los puntos de buenas prácticas clínicas y los flujogramas de manejo. Finalmente, la GPC fue aprobada con Resolución N 27-IETSI-ESSALUD-2020. Resultados: La presente GPC abordó 8 preguntas clínicas abordando el manejo del cáncer de cuello uterino en estadios tempranos. En base a dichas preguntas se formularon 10 recomendaciones (2 recomendaciones fuertes y 8 recomendaciones condicionales), 7 puntos de buena práctica clínica, y 4 flujogramas. Conclusión: El presente artículo resume la metodología y las conclusiones basadas en evidencias de la GPC para el manejo del cáncer de cuello uterino en estadios tempranos en EsSalud.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Human visceral leishmaniasis is considered a major public health problem in the municipality of Cametá, Pará, Brazil. METHODS: This ecological study was conducted using data obtained from official Brazilian agencies. Spatial analysis of the variables was performed using the kernel interpolation technique and the bivariate Global Moran’s Index. RESULTS: The spatial distribution of the disease was not homogeneous, and it was associated with socio-environmental risk factors and public policies. CONCLUSIONS: Different relationships were observed between the variables studied and disease occurrence.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar a produção ambiental da malária nos municípios de Marabá, Parauapebas e Canaã dos Carajás, no Pará, entre 2014 e 2018. MÉTODOS Estudo ecológico e transversal a partir de dados epidemiológicos do Sistema de Informações de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Malária, da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Pará. Foram utilizados também dados cartográficos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e ambientais do projeto TerraClass, do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE). As análises estatísticas utilizaram o cálculo de percentuais e o teste qui-quadrado e as espaciais as técnicas de Kernel e de Moran global bivariado (I). RESULTADOS Foram analisados 437 casos confirmados de malária, na área e periodo de estudo. O maior percentual de casos ocorreu em indivíduos do sexo masculino, adultos, morador da zona rural, com atividades de garimpagem e agropecuária, sendo o Plasmodium vivax a espécie de maior frequência e o diagnóstico mais utilizado a gota espessa/esfregaço. A distribuição da malária não ocorreu de forma homogênea, com evidências de dependência espacial entre áreas com ocorrência de casos e diferentes tipos de uso da terra. Foram observadas também autocorrelações espaciais relacionadas à alta variabilidade dos tipos antropismos, ocorrida nos municípios. CONCLUSÃO A produção ambiental da malária está associada principalmente à pastagem e à mineração, antropismos relacionados às formas de uso e ocupação da terra nos municípios estudados. As tecnologias de análises de dados espaciais em saúde foram satisfatórias para a construção do cenário epidemiológico da doença.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the environmental production of malaria in the municipalities of Marabá, Parauapebas, and Canaã dos Carajás, in Pará, from 2014 to 2018. METHODS This ecological, cross-sectional study used epidemiological data in the Sistema de Informações de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Malária (Malaria Epidemiological Surveillance Information System) from the Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Pará (State of Pará Health Department), cartographic data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), and environmental data in the Projeto TerraClass (TerraClass Project) from the National Institute of Space Research (INPE). Statistical analyses used the chi-square test, while the spatial ones, the kernel and Moran’s (I) global bivariate techniques. RESULTS We analyzed a total of 437 confirmed cases of malaria in the selected area and period. The highest percentage of cases occurred among male miners and farmers, living in rural areas; Plasmodium vivax was the most frequent species; and the most used diagnosis, the thick drop/smear. We also observed a heterogeneous distribution of the disease — with evidence of spatial dependence between incidence areas and different forms of land use, and spatial autocorrelations related to the high variability of anthropic activities in the municipalities. CONCLUSION The environmental production of malaria relates mainly to cattle production and mining — anthropisms related to land use and occupation in the observed municipalities. Spatial data analysis technologies sufficed for the construction of the epidemiological scenario of the disease.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar a produção ambiental da malária nos municípios de Marabá, Parauapebas e Canaã dos Carajás, no Pará, entre 2014 e 2018. MÉTODOS Estudo ecológico e transversal a partir de dados epidemiológicos do Sistema de Informações de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Malária, da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Pará. Foram utilizados também dados cartográficos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e ambientais do projeto TerraClass, do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE). As análises estatísticas utilizaram o cálculo de percentuais e o teste qui-quadrado e as espaciais as técnicas de Kernel e de Moran global bivariado (I). RESULTADOS Foram analisados 437 casos confirmados de malária, na área e periodo de estudo. O maior percentual de casos ocorreu em indivíduos do sexo masculino, adultos, morador da zona rural, com atividades de garimpagem e agropecuária, sendo o Plasmodium vivax a espécie de maior frequência e o diagnóstico mais utilizado a gota espessa/esfregaço. A distribuição da malária não ocorreu de forma homogênea, com evidências de dependência espacial entre áreas com ocorrência de casos e diferentes tipos de uso da terra. Foram observadas também autocorrelações espaciais relacionadas à alta variabilidade dos tipos antropismos, ocorrida nos municípios. CONCLUSÃO A produção ambiental da malária está associada principalmente à pastagem e à mineração, antropismos relacionados às formas de uso e ocupação da terra nos municípios estudados. As tecnologias de análises de dados espaciais em saúde foram satisfatórias para a construção do cenário epidemiológico da doença.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the environmental production of malaria in the municipalities of Marabá, Parauapebas, and Canaã dos Carajás, in Pará, from 2014 to 2018. METHODS This ecological, cross-sectional study used epidemiological data in the Sistema de Informações de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Malária (Malaria Epidemiological Surveillance Information System) from the Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Pará (State of Pará Health Department), cartographic data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), and environmental data in the Projeto TerraClass (TerraClass Project) from the National Institute of Space Research (INPE). Statistical analyses used the chi-square test, while the spatial ones, the kernel and Moran’s (I) global bivariate techniques. RESULTS We analyzed a total of 437 confirmed cases of malaria in the selected area and period. The highest percentage of cases occurred among male miners and farmers, living in rural areas; Plasmodium vivax was the most frequent species; and the most used diagnosis, the thick drop/smear. We also observed a heterogeneous distribution of the disease — with evidence of spatial dependence between incidence areas and different forms of land use, and spatial autocorrelations related to the high variability of anthropic activities in the municipalities. CONCLUSION The environmental production of malaria relates mainly to cattle production and mining — anthropisms related to land use and occupation in the observed municipalities. Spatial data analysis technologies sufficed for the construction of the epidemiological scenario of the disease.

RESUMO A questão que nos convoca para uma análise sobre como podemos insuflar uma mudança significativa na relação entre democracia e educação desde a diferença, passa pela inclusão de visões construídas a partir da politização de mulheres afro-latinas. Consideramos o papel das redes de lideranças tomando o Brasil como ponto de partida, ancoradas nas experiências em países como Uruguai, Cuba, Argentina e Colômbia. A perspectiva descolonizadora, que encontramos em suas proposições, realocam nossas impressões sobre os lugares definidos, a partir dos processos de racialização e, consequentemente, de estigmas e preconceitos produzidos na interseccionalidade. Entendemos que as alternativas que podemos encontrar no fomento de novos pactos sociais devem estar alinhadas com as demandas das bases, levando em conta os segmentos impactados pelos projetos genocidas, como ocorre com as populações femininas e negras. A partir de suas dinâmicas de intervenção, defende-se a proposição de pedagogias outsiders produzidas no âmbito dessas coletividades.

ABSTRACT The question that calls us for an analysis on how we can instigate a significant change, in the relationship between democracy and education, from difference, involves the inclusion of visions built from the politicization of afro-latin women. We consider the role of leadership networks taking Brazil as a starting point, and anchored in experiences in countries like Uruguay, Cuba, Argentina and Colombia. The decolonizing perspective, which we find in their propositions, reallocates our impressions of the defined places, based on the processes of racialization and, consequently, of stigma and prejudice produced in intersectionality. We understand that the alternatives, which we can find in the promotion of new social pacts, must be aligned with the demands of the bases, taking into account the segments impacted by the genocidal projects, as it happens with the female and black populations. Based on their intervention dynamics, the proposition of “outsider pedagogies” produced within the scope of these collectives is defended.

Resumen Introducción: Burkholderia cepacia es causante de brotes cuyo origen frecuentemente son fuentes ambientales. Materiales y métodos: Ante la sospecha de brote por B. cepacia en hemocultivos. Se realizó toma de cultivos ambientales y de insumos. Los aislamientos microbiológicos fueron sometidos a análisis molecular. Resultados: Se identificaron 8 pacientes con hemocultivos para B. cepacia en la UCI Adultos y UCI Pediátrica, edades entre 3 meses y 88 años, Los hemocultivos fueron tomados a través de catéter venoso central. Ningún paciente presentó infección por este microorganismo. Se documentó crecimiento de B. cepacia en lote de bolsitas (“sachet”) jabón de clorhexidina al 4% y en lavamanos que se correlacionaron con el clon identificado en los pacientes. Con el retiro del lote de jabón de clorhexidina, optimización de los procesos de limpieza y desinfección, lavado de manos y medidas de aislamiento se controló el pseudobrote. Conclusiones: Se presenta un pseudobrote por B. cepacia causado por la contaminación de un lote de clorhexidina jabón y de los lavamanos, llamando la atención acerca de la posibilidad de contaminación de antisépticos con este microorganismo.

Abstract Introduction: The Burkholderia cepacia has been described as an outbreaks-causing agent, in which case frequently corresponds to environmental sources. Materials and Methods: Having the clinical suspicion of an outbreak or a pseudo-outbreak of B. cepacia in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU), samples in sterile solutions were sent to the laboratory for microbiologic study and molecular analysis. Results: Eigth patients with positive blood cultures for B. cepacia were identifed in the adults and pediatric ICU, ages between 3 months to 88 years. Blood cultures were taken through a central venous catheter. None of the patients presented clinical manifestations of infection. There was a positive culture of B. cepacia in a chlorhexidine sachet soap batch and in samples from the washbasin that was correlated with molecular analysis with patient samples. The withdrawal of the chlorhexidine sachet soap batch plus the optimization of cleaning and disinfection processes and patient isolation, were effective to control the pseudo-outbreak, without presenting infection. Conclusions: One pseudo-outbreak was documented by B. cepacia, affecting the adult and pediatric ICU caused by the contamination of a chlorhexidine sachet soap batch and the washbasins.

Resumo Introdução As hepatites virais são graves problemas de saúde pública e estão relacionadas às diferentes características socioeconômicas do território brasileiro. Objetivo Analisar a distribuição espacial das hepatites B e C e sua relação com o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM) nas áreas de três Centros Regionais de Saúde (CRS), no Estado do Pará, Brasil, de 2010 a 2014. Método Neste trabalho descritivo e transversal, foram utilizados dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, do Ministério da Saúde, e do Censo 2010, do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Resultados As análises mostraram que o 11º CRS notificou o maior número de casos (60,9%). Os indivíduos mais acometidos por ambas as doenças foram do gênero feminino, pardos, adultos e com ensino fundamental. Os fatores de riscos mais significativos foram uso de medicamentos injetáveis e tratamentos dentário e cirúrgico. Foi observada dependência espacial entre o IDHM e os parâmetros da taxa de incidência das doenças, com autocorrelações diretas e indiretas. Assim, áreas com IDHM médio e baixo apresentaram altas taxas de incidência, sobretudo em municípios com intenso fluxo migratório, nas últimas décadas. Conclusão As análises foram eficazes para construir cenários epidemiológicos das doenças. Ressaltamos a necessidade de expandir o controle das hepatites nas áreas estudadas.

Abstract Background Viral hepatitis is a serious public health problem and is related to the different socioeconomic characteristics of the Brazilian territory. Objective To analyze the spatial distribution of the hepatitis B and C and their relationship with the Municipal Human Development Index (IDHM), in the areas of three Regional Health Centers (CRS), in the state of Pará, Brazil, from 2010 to 2014. Method In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, data from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases of the Ministry of Health and the 2010 Census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics were used. Results The analyses showed that the 11th CRS reported the greater number of cases (60.9%). The most affected individuals by both diseases were female, brown skin color, adults and elementary school degree. The most significant risk factors were injecting drugs use, dental and surgical treatments. It was observed spatial dependence between the IDHM and the diseases incidence rate parameters, with direct and indirect autocorrelations. Thus, areas with medium and low IDHM showed high incidence rates, especially in municipalities with intense migratory flows, in the last decades. Conclusion The analyses were effective for construct epidemiological scenarios of the diseases. The need to expand the control of hepatitis in the studied areas is highlighted.

ABSTRACT The increase in the consumption of sweetened beverages such as soft drinks or soda, juices, flavored milks and energy drinks have been related to the prevalence of overweight, obesity and metabolic diseases worldwide. Therefore, various strategies have been established in order to reduce their consumption. The objective of the present review was to analyze the strategies applied to reduce the consumption of sweetened beverages. We searched the PubMed and Science Direct databases, identifying 192 potential articles, of which 184 were excluded, analyzing 8 investigations in this review. Several techniques were identified to reduce consumption of sweetened beverages, focused on the modification of eating behavior, in which it is proposed to consider the multiple factors that influence food consumption, to establish multidisciplinary strategies that have as their central axis work in the promotion of nutritional education, to guarantee a better selection and food consumption in the population.

RESUMEN El aumento del consumo de bebidas endulzadas como los refrescos o gaseosas, jugos, leches saborizadas y bebidas energéticas, han sido relacionadas con la prevalencia de sobrepeso, obesidad y enfermedades metabólicas a nivel mundial. Por lo cual, se han establecido diversas estrategias con el objetivo de disminuir su consumo. El objetivo de la presente revisión fue analizar las estrategias aplicadas para la disminución del consumo de bebidas endulzadas. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed y Science Direct, identificando 192 artículos potenciales, de los cuales se excluyeron 184, analizando 8 investigaciones en esta revisión. Se identificaron diversas técnicas utilizadas para la disminución del consumo de bebidas endulzadas, enfocadas en la modificación del comportamiento alimentario, en las cuales se propone considerar los múltiples factores que influyen en el consumo alimentario, para establecer estrategias multidisciplinarias que tengan como eje central trabajar en la promoción de la educación nutricional, para garantizar una mejor selección y consumo alimentario en la población.

Background: The evaluation of cardiorespiratory fitness (RCC) using maximal or peak oxygen consumption (VO2), requires a high level of effort in obese patients. We propose a method to evaluate RCC using constant and moderate loads, called VO2 kinetics (tau). Aim: To determine the relationship between tau and peak VO2 in patients with obesity. Material and Methods: Forty patients (87% females) aged 37 ± 12 years and with a body mass index (BMI) of 34.6 ± 4.0 kg/m2, were divided into two groups according to the applied workload (0.5 and 0.8 Watts/kg body mass) using a cycle ergometer and Cortex Metalyzer 3b equipment. The protocol was started with 6 minutes at constant load and then increments of 20-25 Watts every two min were made until determination of the peak VO2. Results: The tau value was 51.8 ± 17.6 s, the absolute peak VO2 was 2.0 ± 0.7 L/min and the relative peak VO2 was 26.6 ± 30.0 ml/kg/min. There was a significant difference of tau medians between the group that used 0.5 and 0.8 Watts/kg (p = 0.002) and a significant inverse correlation between the absolute peak VO2 and the tau value for a load of 0.5 Watts/kg (rho = -0.415, p = 0.0327). Conclusions: The higher tau value, the lower the peak VO2 of an obese patient. It is suggested to apply loads of 0.5 Watts/kg for a VO2 kinetics test in obese patients or in subjects who do not wish to carry out higher physiological demands with a non-invasive and low risk procedure.

Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de ansiedad dental (AD) en niños de entre 6 a 10 años de edad atendidos en los servicios de salud públicos (SSP) de la ciudad de Valdivia, Chile. Material y método: Se diseñó un estudio observacional de corte transversal. Se midió la prevalencia de AD previa a la atención odontológica utilizando la Escala de Imagen Facial (FIS) en niños de 6 a 10 años que fueron atendidos en los SSP, durante los meses de marzo a junio de 2015. Resultados: De los 200 niños(as) encuestados el 22,5% presentó ansiedad dental; 51% eran niñas (n=102); edad promedio de 7,9 ± 1,45 años. Conclusión: La prevalencia de AD en Valdivia es mayor a la observada en otro estudio similar realizado en Santiago de Chile. Recomendamos implementar FIS, dentro de la atención odontológica pediátrica, para facilitar una mejor adaptación y adherencia al tratamiento.

Abstract: Objective: To determine the prevalence of dental anxiety (DA) in children between 6-10 years of age treated at public health services (PHS) in Valdivia, Chile. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was designed. The prevalence of DA before dental treatment was measured using the Facial Image Scale (FIS) in children between 6-10 years of age treated at public health services (PHS) of Valdivia, Chile, from March to June 2015. Results: Of the 200 children surveyed, 22.5% had dental anxiety; 51% were girls (n=102); average age 7.9 ± 1.45. Conclusion: The prevalence of DA in Valdivia is higher than that observed in a similar study conducted in Santiago, Chile. We suggest the implementation of FIS in pediatric dental care, to ensure better adaptation and adherence to the dental treatment.